Fred Gault has worked on various projects on innovation in Africa, including three editions of the African Innovation Outlook. He is the editor of the Elgar Handbook of Innovation Indicators and Measurement (2013) and one of three editors of the second edition to be released in 2023. His most recent book, also published by Elgar, is Measuring Innovation Everywhere (2020). It presents the implications of a general definition of innovation applicable in all economic sectors. Currently, he is considering the linkages, if any, between the general definition based on goods and services and what is found in social innovation.